International Transportation
Shipping Service
Railway DDP
Seller's obligations:
Responsible for the entire transportation (including customs clearance in the exporting and importing countries, payment of tariffs, VAT and other taxes).
Bear all risks and costs of transporting goods to the buyer's designated destination (such as warehouses or stations) (including railway freight, insurance, transit country fees, etc.).
Must be familiar with the import policy of the destination country to ensure smooth customs clearance.
Buyer's obligations:
Only need to receive the goods at the destination, no need to participate in the transportation and customs clearance process.
Applicable scenarios
The buyer wants to simplify the process, or the seller has a reliable customs clearance agent in the destination country (such as the China-Europe Express, Chinese sellers handle EU customs clearance through cooperative freight forwarders).
Applicable to high-value or time-sensitive goods, the seller needs to control the risks throughout the process.
Railway DDU
Seller's obligations:
Responsible for transporting the goods to the destination designated by the buyer (such as the railway station in the destination country) and bear the transportation risks until delivery.
Pay export customs clearance fees and international railway freight, but not responsible for import customs clearance and taxes in the destination country.
Buyer's obligations:
Must handle import customs clearance, pay tariffs and value-added tax by yourself, and bear the risk of delays or fines caused by failure to clear customs in time.
Applicable scenarios
The buyer has customs clearance capabilities in the destination country or hopes to control import costs (such as taking advantage of the country's tax preferential policies).
The seller lacks customs clearance resources in the destination country (such as emerging markets) or hopes to avoid the risk of import tax fluctuations.
Notes on railway transportation
The buyer needs to confirm the customs clearance process of the railway station in the destination country in advance (such as the Malaszewicze Station in Poland is a key clearance point for China-Europe trains).
If the buyer's customs clearance is delayed, it may result in additional costs such as demurrage and storage fees.
Air freight DDP
Seller's obligations:
Responsible for the entire transportation from the departure point to the destination, including:
Customs clearance procedures in the exporting and importing countries (export declaration, import declaration);
Pay all fees (air freight, fuel surcharges, tariffs, VAT, consumption tax, etc.);
Bear the transportation risk until the goods are delivered to the buyer's designated location (such as warehouse, office).
Must ensure that the goods comply with the regulations of the destination country (such as product certification, labeling requirements).
Buyer's obligations:
Only need to sign for the goods at the destination, no need to participate in the transportation and customs clearance process.
Applicable scenarios
For high-value or time-sensitive goods (such as electronic products, pharmaceutical products), the seller needs to control the logistics throughout the process;
The buyer lacks import customs clearance capabilities (such as small and medium-sized buyers in cross-border e-commerce);
The seller has a cooperative customs clearance agent or branch in the destination country.
Air Freight Notes
Risk of tax fluctuations: If the tariff/VAT rate of the destination country is temporarily increased, the seller needs to bear the additional costs;
Complexity of customs clearance: Some countries (such as Brazil and India) have strict customs clearance, and complete documents (such as commercial invoices, certificates of origin, air waybills) need to be prepared in advance;
Last mile delivery: DDP usually includes "airport to door" service, which requires seller coordination with local logistics providers in the destination country.
Air freight DDU
Seller's obligations:
Responsible for transporting the goods to the destination designated by the buyer (such as the airport of the destination country) and paying the air freight;
Bear the transportation risk until the goods arrive at the destination, but not responsible for import customs clearance and taxes;
Complete export customs clearance (such as China export customs declaration).
Buyer's obligations:
Handle import customs clearance, pay taxes and fees by yourself, and bear the risk of customs clearance delays (such as customs inspection, document discrepancy).
Applicable scenarios
The buyer hopes to control the import cost independently (such as taking advantage of tax exemption policies or deferred value-added tax);
The goods belong to the low-tax category, and the buyer's own customs clearance cost is lower.
Sea freight DDP
Seller's obligations:
Responsible for the whole chain of transportation from the port of departure to the port of destination (or the final destination designated by the buyer), including:
Customs clearance in the exporting country (customs declaration, commodity inspection, etc.);
International shipping costs (sea freight, fuel surcharge, terminal handling fee THC, etc.);
Import customs clearance in the destination country (payment of tariffs, value-added tax, consumption tax, etc.);
Door-to-door service at the port of destination (unloading, inland transportation, delivery to the warehouse).
Bear the risk of the goods until they are delivered to the place designated by the buyer (such as factory, warehouse).
Buyer's obligations:
Only need to sign for the goods at the destination, no need to participate in transportation and customs clearance.
Applicable scenarios
The buyer has no customs clearance ability or wants to simplify the process (such as small batches of goods in cross-border e-commerce B2C);
The seller has a stable customs clearance agent in the destination country (such as Chinese exporters handle US customs clearance through cooperative freight forwarders);
High-value goods or goods with high supply chain stability requirements (such as precision instruments and auto parts).
Notes on sea transportation
Complex port of destination charges: Miscellaneous charges at the port of destination (such as US AMS and ISF declaration fees, EU ENS fees) need to be calculated in advance;
Risk of tariff fluctuations: If the tax rate of the destination country is adjusted (such as the US imposing 301 tariffs), the seller's costs may exceed expectations;
Risk of demurrage: If customs clearance delays cause containers to be stranded, high demurrage (Demurrage & Detention) may be incurred.
Sea freight DDU
Seller's obligations:
Responsible for transporting the goods to the designated destination (such as the port of destination or the place designated by the buyer);
Pay the shipping costs and export customs clearance fees;
Bear the risk of the goods until they arrive at the destination (excluding unloading and import customs clearance).
Buyer's obligations:
Handle import customs clearance, pay taxes and fees, and bear the subsequent links such as picking up goods at the port of destination and inland transportation.
Applicable scenarios
The buyer hopes to control the import costs independently (such as taking advantage of free trade zone policies or tariff preferences);
The seller lacks customs clearance resources in the destination country (such as exports to South America, Africa and other regions with complex customs clearance);
For commodity trade (such as ore and grain), the buyer usually has a fixed customs clearance channel.
Notes on sea transportation
Document accuracy: The bill of lading (B/L) information must be consistent with the customs clearance documents (such as the name of the goods, HS code);
Detention risk: If the buyer fails to pick up the goods in time, the container overdue fee (Detention) may be as high as hundreds of dollars per day.
Express
Classification of international express services
(1) Document express
Applicable goods: documents with no commercial value such as contracts, certificates, bills, etc.
Features: No need for formal customs declaration, low freight (such as DHL document line);
Restrictions: No smuggled goods are allowed, otherwise they may be detained by customs.
(2) Parcel express
Applicable goods: samples, small commodities (≤30kg);
Features: A commercial invoice is required, and tariffs are calculated based on the declared value (DDP or DDU is optional).
(3) Express and economy services
Express (such as DHL Express, FedEx Priority):
Timeliness: 1-3 days to reach major countries, high price;
Applicable: emergency medical supplies, time-sensitive orders.
Economy (such as DHL Economy, FedEx Economy):
Timeliness: 5-7 days, 30%-50% lower price;
Applicable: non-urgent goods, cost-sensitive customers.
Dropshipping
Suppliers directly ship goods from the place of origin (such as China) to global consumers through low-cost small package logistics, which is suitable for cross-border e-commerce small and light retail.
Operation process
Order generation: Buyers place orders and pay in the seller's online store;
Order forwarding: The seller synchronizes the order information (including address) to the supplier;
Shipment execution: The supplier packs the goods and sends them directly to the buyer through the parcel service;
Logistics tracking: The seller and the buyer share the logistics order number and monitor the transportation status;
After-sales processing: Returns/exchanges are handled by the supplier or third-party warehouse (if any).
Pure electric liquid dedicated line, can be connected to pure liquid products such as perfume, nail polish, spray, etc., can also be connected to pure battery built-in and matching batteries, can be delivered to 17 European countries;
Special line
International dedicated lines are direct transportation routes developed by logistics service providers to target specific countries or regions by integrating various transportation resources (such as air, sea, and land transportation).
ore operation mode of dedicated line service
Cargo collection and distribution:
Logistics providers collect goods in a centralized manner at domestic hubs (such as Shenzhen and Yiwu) and sort them by destination;
Small packages are combined into large containers to reduce unit transportation costs (such as LCL for goods under 100kg).
Trunk transportation:
Air transport dedicated line: charter flights or fixed flights (such as 3 flights per week for China-Europe air transport dedicated line);
Sea transport dedicated line: full container (FCL) or less than container (LCL) directly to the destination port (such as 12 days for West Coast express);
Land transport dedicated line: China-Europe trains, cross-border trucks in Southeast Asia (such as 5 days for China-Thailand land transport).
Customs clearance and delivery in the destination country:
Use local cooperative customs clearance companies for fast customs clearance;
The "last mile" is completed by local express (such as USPS, DHL Parcel) or trucks at the end.
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